The ‘stealth effect’ refers to a camouflage mechanism that enables bacteria to evade the immune system. In medical research, this phenomenon is utilized to significantly increase both circulation time within the body and precision in targeting disease foci. The primary areas of application lie in targeted tumor therapy, but also include the diagnostics of infectious diseases such as cholera, as well as the treatment of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. This dossier provides an overview of various natural and synthetic coating methods, many of which are inspired by the model of camouflaged nanoparticles. These include coatings with polymers to increase circulation time in the bloodstream, as well as the use of biomimetic cell membranes that ensure excellent biocompatibility.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) possess remarkable properties that make them attractive for many applications, including non-stick coatings, waterproof clothing, and firefighting foams. However, this is a double-edged sword: their thermal and chemical resistance also means that they do not degrade easily once released into the environment.

Consequently, PFAS are now regularly detected in even the most remote regions of the planet. They are found in blood samples of humans and wildlife, and are associated with a wide range of adverse health outcomes: PFAS have been shown to weaken the immune system, interfere with foetal development,disrupt endocrine function and increase cancer risk.

This NanoTrust Dossier provides an overview of occupational exposure limits for ENMs in Europe. It highlights the challenges in establishing these limits and effectively safeguarding workers in a rapidly evolving field, and presents initiatives to accelerate the toxicity assessment of nanomaterials.