Research

SpdTuM - SPD nanostructured magnets with tuneable properties

Project Leader: Andrea Bachmaier

Background

The decrease of weight and the increase of efficiency of magnetic components are essential for the reduction of CO2-emission and an improvement of their performance. Nanostructuring can dramatically improve the magnetic properties of soft and hard magnetic materials, hence opening up entirely new possibilities for the development of novel magnets. Nanocomposite magnets, for example, have been the focus of research since two decades. One of the remaining key challenges is to synthesize bulk nanostructured magnets of a reasonable size. In this project, this challenge is explicitly addressed and the potential to fabricate bulk nanostructured magnets by severe plastic deformation (SPD) as an innovative processing route is evaluated. The aim of the project is not only to synthesize different nanostructured magnets by SPD, but also to tailor their microstructure to attain the desired magnetic properties. It has been shown by the applicant that the magnetic properties of SPD processed nanocrystalline materials can be modified in wide range by decomposition of metastable solid solutions. By using different immiscible systems, decomposition mechanisms and annealing treatments, unique nanostructures can be obtained and the magnetic properties can be optimized. Through the choice of different magnetic starting materials, such as soft, hard and antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic powders, different types of hard magnetic nanocomposites will also be obtained. Fine tuning of the microstructure and resulting magnetic properties through adjustments in the composition, SPD processing parameters and annealing treatments is planned. The project systematically addresses the entire process from the synthesis to the in-depth microstructural characterization by electron microscopy and atom probe tomography. In combination with simultaneous measurements of magnetic properties, the newly developed knowledge will be used to improve the performance of SPD processed nanostructured magnet.

Group Members: Andrea Bachmaier, Alexander Paulischin, Michael Zawodzki, Sofia Riedl

News from the SpdTuM-Group

  • September 2022: Andrea and Michael give talks at the Materials Science and Engineering Congress 2022.
  • September 2022: Manoel and Lukas give talks at the 71st Annual Meeting of the Austrian Physical Society - ÖPG 2022.
  • September 2022: The group performs XRD/SAXS/WAXS synchrotron measurements at the DESY in Hamburg (Germany).
  • July 2022: Andrea gives a talk on soft magnetic amorphous Co-Zr alloy by severe plastic Deformation at the JEMS 2022 – The Joint European Magnetic Symposia. Michael gives a poster presentation on exchange bias in novel bulk nanocomposites processed by severe plastic deformation.
  • May 2022: Andrea receives the Josef Krainer Appreciation Prize 2022.
  • May 2022: Andrea is elected as a new member of the Young Academy of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.
  • April 2022: Lukas leaves the ERC group to start the work on the PoC project.
  • September 2021: Manoel leaves the ERC group, but continues to work as PhD student on structural SPD materials in my research group.
  • November 2021: Alexander Paulischin joins the group as a PhD candidate.
  • September 2021: Stefan leaves the ERC-group, but continues to work as a Academy Scientist at the Erich Schmid Institute in future 
  • June 2021: Alexander successfully passes his Master's examination with his thesis "Magnetostrictive behaviour of severe plastically deformed, nanocrystalline materials". Congratulations!
  • April 2021: Martin leaves the ERC-group and the Erich Schmid Institute. We wish you all the best for your future!
  • April 2021: Lukas' manuscript on nanocrystalline FeCr and its magnetostrictive properties is online.
  • April 2021: Stefan presents the latest results in a presentation and in a poster at the Intermag 2021.
  • March 2021: Martin successfully defends his PhD thesis "Nanoscaled Magnetic Materials with Tunable Properties". Congratulations!
  • March 2021: Martin attends the TMS2021 Virtual Conference and presents results on the ternary Fe-Co-Cu system.
  • December 2020: Lukas gives a talk on severe plastically deformed FeCr at the JEMS 2020 – The Joint European Magnetic Symposia November 2020: Martin gives a talk at the MMM2020 Virtual Conference.
  • November 2020: Lockdown strikes us again. Due to a perfect organisation of experimental time at the institute and home office, we keep track of our work.
  • September 2020: Andrea, Martin, Alexander and Stefan attend the virtual Materials Science and Engineering Congress, which would have taken place in Darmstadt. Andrea gives an invited talk on the principles of high pressure torsion and our youngest group member, Alex, does extraordinarily well in presenting his results on magnetostrictive materials.
  • August 2020: Manoel Kasalo joins the group as new master student.
  • June 2020: ESI finally re-opens again, back to experiments :)
  • April 2020: Georg finishes his Bachelor thesis!
  • April 2020: Michael Zawodzki joins the group as a PhD candidate.
  • March 2020: the ESI closes due to COVID-19, experiments no longer possible, all we can try is to make the best of the situation :(
  • February 2020: Andrea gives an invited talk at the annual TMS meeting in San Diego, USA.
  • November 2019: The group performs XRD/SAXS/WAXS synchrotron measurements at the DESY in Hamburg (Germany).
  • November 2019: Andrea presents results of the project at the Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 2019, in Las Vegas, USA.
  • October 2019: Manoel finishes his Bachelor thesis!
  • September 2019: Martin and Lukas give talks at the 6th International Symposium 'Bulk Nanomaterials' BNM 2019 in Ufa, Russia.
  • September 2019: Lukas, Stefan and Martin are participating in the 2019 European School on Magnetism with the special focus on experimental techniques.
  • September 2019: Andrea gives a talk about soft magnetic alloys processed by HPT at the EUROMAT 2019 in Stockholm, Sweden.
  • August 2019: Andrea, Stefan and Lukas are participating in the Joint European Magnetic Symposia (JEMS) 2019 in Uppsala, Sweden.
  • July 2019: Mirjam re-joins the group after her year studying abroad in Finland. Welcome back :)
  • June 2019: Andrea publishs a review paper in Materials Transactions. .
  • April 2019: Andrea is invited to join the 65th Metallkunde Symposium in Lech, Austria and gives an invited talk.
  • March 2019: Andrea and Lukas give two talks at the annual TMS meeting in San Antonio, USA.
  • March 2019: Stefan gives a talk at the ECI conference: Electric Field Enhanced Processing of Advanced Materials II: Complexities and Opportunities in Tomar, Portugal.
  • February 2019: Lukas and Martin are participating in the 2nd School on Atom Probe Tomography (APT) in Erlangen, Germany.
  • January 2019: Martin gives a talk at the 14th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference in Washington DC, USA.
  • January 2019: The group publish a paper in Nanomaterials.
  • December 2018: Georg Holub joins the group as new student assistant.
  • December 2018: The group performs XRD synchrotron measurements at the DESY in Hamburg (Germany).
  • November 2018: Andrea is invited to the TU Darmstadt and gives an invited talk at the MaWi-Kolloquium.
  • October 2018: Andrea is invited to join the 45th Retreat Symposium of the Department of Material Science and Engineering, FAU Erlangen, in Sattelbogen, Germany and gives an invited talk.
  • September 2018: Stefan publishes a paper together with Reinhard Pippan and Daniel Kiener in Materials & Design.
  • September 2018: The group shows up in full force for MSE in Darmstadt where Andrea also co-organized a symposium.
  • September 2018: Andrea publishes a paper with the group of Daniel Kiener in Materials & Design.
  • September 2018: Stefan and Martin present their results at the JEMS 2018 – The Joint European Magnetic Symposia in Mainz, Germany.
  • September 2018: Alexander Paulischin joins the group as new student assistant.
  • July 2018: Andrea gives an invited talk at the THERMEC 2018 in Paris, France.
  • July 2018: The group has to say good-bye to Mirjam, who spends a year studying in Finland.
  • June 2018: Mirjam finishes her Bachelor thesis!
  • June 2018: Andrea gives an invited talk at Joint Solid State Physics Seminar in Graz, Austria and presents part of the group's research.
  • May 2018: Lukas Weissitsch joins the group as a PhD candidate.
  • April 2108: Andrea give a talk at the 64th Metallkunde Colloquium at the Arlberg, Austria.
  • February 2018: The group presents first results at the ESI HPT Seminar in Leoben.
  • January 2018: Andrea presents the project to the General Assembly of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna, Austria.
  • January 2018: The SpdTuM group starts, Stefan Wurster and Mirjam Spuller join the group and Martin Stückler has his first day as PhD candidate in the project!
BNM 2019, Ufa, Russia
XRD/SAXS/WAXS measurements at the DESY, Hamburg, Germany
Short visit of Hamburg before the XRD/SAXS/WAXS measurements at the DESY, Hamburg, Germany
Annealing experiments in the lab hall
Martin presents his best AFM image at the X-mas party of the group of Prof. Teichert
Michael, Stefan, Andrea, Lukas and Martin in front of the small and medium HPT equipment

Publications

2021

M. Stückler, J. Zálešák, T. Müller, S. Wurster, L. Weissitsch, M. Meier, P. Felfer, C. Gammer, R. Pippan, A. Bachmaier, Oxide-stabilized microstructure of severe plastically deformed CuCo alloys
Journal of Alloy and Compounds 901 (2022) 163616
DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.163616

S. Wurster, M. Stückler, L. Weissitsch, H. Krenn, A. Hohenwarter, R. Pippan, A. Bachmaier, Soft Magnetic Properties of Ultra-Strong and Nanocrystalline Pearlitic Wires,
Nanomaterials 2022 12(1), 23
DOI: 10.3390/nano12010023

A.Paulischin, Magnetostrictive behavior of severe plastically deformed, nanocrystalline materials, Master thesis, May 2021, Thesis

Lukas Weissitsch, Martin Stückler, Stefan Wurster, Reinhard Pippan, Andrea Bachmaier, Processing of bulk Fe-Cr alloys by severe plastic deformation, Materials Science Forum 1016 (2021) 1603-1610, DOI: 10.4028/MSF.1016.1603

Martin Stückler, Christian Teichert, Aleksandar Matković, Heinz Krenn, Lukas Weissitsch, Stefan Wurster, Reinhard Pippan, Andrea Bachmaier, On the magnetic nanostructure of a Co-Cu alloy processed by high-pressure torsion, Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices 6, 1 (2021) 33-41 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2020.09.013

Michael  Wurmshuber, David Frazer, Mehdi Balooch, Inas Issa, Andrea Bachmaier, Peter Hosemann, Daniel Kiener, The effect of grain size of bubble formation and evolution in helium-irradiated Cu-Fe-Ag, Materials Characterization 171 (2021) 110822, DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2020.110822

Martin Stückler, Stefan Wurster, Reinhard Pippan, Andrea Bachmaier, In Situ AC-hysteresis measurements of SPD-processed Cu20(Fe15Co85)80, AIP Advances 11, 015033 (2021), DOI: 10.1063/9.0000009

Lukas Weissitsch, Stefan Wurster, Alexander Paulischin, Martin Stückler, Reinhard Pippan, Andrea Bachmaier, Nanocrystalline FeCr alloys synthesised by severe plastic deformation – A potential material for exchange bias and enhanced magnetostriction, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 534 (2021) 168017, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2021.168017

Martin Stückler, Lukas Weissitsch, Stefan Wurster, Heinz Krenn, Reinhard Pippan, Andrea Bachmaier, Sampling the Cu-Fe-Co phase diagram by severe plastic deformation for enhanced soft magnetic properties, Journal of Materials Research and Technology 12 (2021) 1235-1242, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.03.073

2020

M. Stückler, Nanoscaled magnetic materials with tuneable properties, PhD thesis, October 2020, Thesis

G. Holub, Herstellung und Charakterisierung der magnetischen alpha-Phase in MnBi-Legierungen, Bachelor thesis, April 2020, Thesis

Andrea Bachmaier, Reinhard Pippan, Oliver Renk, Effect of Carbon in Severe Plastically Deformed Metals, Advanced engineering materials, 2000879, DOI: 10.1002/adem.202000879

Lukas Weissitsch, Martin Stückler, Stefan Wurster, Peter Knoll, Heinz Krenn, Reinhard Pippan, Andrea Bachmaier, Strain induced anisotropic magnetic behaviour and exchange coupling effect in Fe-SmCo5 permanent magnets generated by high pressure torsion
MDPI Crystals 10, 11 (2020) 1026; DOI: 10.3390/cryst10111026

Claus Trost, Stefan Wurster, Caroline Freitag, A. Steinberger, Megan J. Cordill, A new approach to evaluate the elastic modulus of metallic foils, Materials & Design 196 (2020) 109149, DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109149

Martin Stückler, Heinz Krenn, Philipp Kürnsteiner, Baptiste Gault, Frederic De Geuser, Lukas Weissitsch, Stefan Wurster, Reinhard Pippan, Andrea Bachmaier, Intermixing of Fe and Cu on the atomic scale by high-pressure torsion as revealed by DC- and AC-SQUID susceptometry and atom probe tomography, Acta Materialia 196 (2020) 210-219 DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2020.06.035

Markus Alfreider, Stefan Kolitsch, Stefan Wurster, Daniel Kiener, An analytical solution for the correct determination of crack lengths via cantilever stiffness, Materials & Design 194 (2020) 108914, DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108914

Stefan Wurster, Martin Stückler, Lukas Weissitsch, Timo Müller, Andrea Bachmaier, Microstructural changes influencing the magnetoresistive behaviour of bulk nanocrystalline materials, Applied Sciences, Special Issue: Nanostructured and Nanocomposite Materials for Electromagnetic and Sensing Applications 10 (2020) 5094, DOI: 10.3390/app10155094

Andrea Bachmaier, Andreas Katzensteiner, Stefan Wurster, Katherine Aristizabal, Sebastian Suarez, Reinhard Pippan, Thermal stabilization of metal matrix nanocomposites by nanocarbon reinforcements, Scripta Materialia 186 (2020) 202-207, DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2020.05.014

 

2019

Martin Stückler, Lukas Weissitsch, Stefan Wurster, Peter Felfer, Heinz Krenn, Reinhard Pippan, Andrea Bachmaier, Magnetic dilution by severe plastic deformation, AIP Advances 10, 2020, 015210, DOI:10.1063/1.5128058

M. Kasalo, Microstructural evolution of Cu-Fe-Co and Ag-Fe-Co composites processed by high-pressure torsion, Bachelor thesis, September 2019, Thesis

Stefan Wurster, Lukas Weissitsch, Martin Stückler, Peter Knoll, Heinz Krenn, Reinhard Pippan, Andrea Bachmaier, Tuneable Magneto-Resistance by Severe Plastic Deformation, Metals Volume 9, Issue 11, 2019, 1188, DOI: 10.3390/met9111188

Katharina T. Schwarz, Julian M. Rosalie, Stefan Wurster, Reinhard Pippan, Anton Hohenwarter, Microstructure and Failure Characteristics of Nanostructured Molybdenum–Copper Composites, Advanced Engineering Materials, 2019, 1900474, DOI: 10.1002/adem.201900474

Stückler, M., Krenn, H., Pippan, R., Weissitsch, L., Wurster, S., Bachmaier, A., Magnetic binary supersaturated solid solutions processed by severe plastic deformation, Nanomaterials Volume 9, Issue 1, 2019, Article number 6, DOI: 10.3390/nano9010006

Bachmaier, A., Pippan, R.,  High-Pressure Torsion Deformation Induced Phase Transformations and Formations: New Material Combinations and Advanced Properties, Materials Transactions Volume 60, 1256-1269, DOI:10.2320/matertrans.MF201930

2018

Pippan, R., Wurster, S., Kiener D., Fracture mechanics of micro samples: Fundamental considerations, Materials and Design Volume 159, 2018, 252-267, DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2018.09.004

Wurmshuber, M., Frazer, D., Bachmaier, A., Wang, Y., Hosemann, P., Kiener D., Impact of interfaces on the radiation response and underlying defect recovery mechanisms in nanostructured Cu-Fe-Ag, Materials and Design Volume 160, 2018, 1148-1157
DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2018.11.007

M. Spuller, Microstructural evolution of Cu-Fe-Co and Ag-Fe-Co composites processed by high-pressure torsion, Bachelor thesis, June 2018, Thesis

Acknowledgements

This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 757333).

Project Duration

 01.01.2018 – 31.12.2023

 

Downloads

All publications and download-links can be found on Researchgate