Artificial Intelligence and the Shaping of Democracy

The use of AI-based technologies increases the number of (semi-)automated decisions affecting people. These decisions are often opaque and there is a lack of knowledge on the specific effects on individuals. This poses risks and challenges for democracy and increases the need for new educational concepts to mitigate them.

The broad societal consequences of artificial intelligence increasingly challenge the education sector: the rise of AI-generated texts, e.g., intensified discussions on benefits and problems of AI in universities and schools. Moreover, the use of AI entails long-term effects on education and training of pupils, students and adults.

An AI-driven further increase in automated decision-making systems has serious implications for education and democracy: A lack of transparency and control over the use and consequences of AI-based technology hampers democratic participation, self-determination and agency. Particularly as individuals affected are usually not involved in the question of whether and how the technology is created and used. Hence, a broad public debate on the implications of AI applications in society is needed to shape these developments democratically and in accordance with social norms and fundamental rights. Education and knowledge transfer on these issues are key prerequisite for an informed public.

Outcome

In the 30-month education and research project, teaching materials were created and scientifically tested in pilot studies with various educational institutions. Based on the findings of these studies, a blended learning concept consisting of several modules was developed. All materials are freely available at: https://democracy-ai.eu/. The teaching concept is an essential component for knowledge transfer, fostering targeted professional training and development in vocational education regarding AI-based technologies. The broad dissemination of the developed materials contributes to education and knowledge transfer also beyond this scope in the wider public. Overall, the project is a valuable contribution to strengthening critical media literacy and digital civic education among various target groups. The final outcome is a policy paper offering recommendations for action regarding the use of AI in the education sector.

The project was recognized as a “good practice” under the European Erasmus+ funding program.

Publications

  • KI an Bildungseinrichtungen. / Bayer, Thomas.
    In: ITA-NewsFeed, No. www.oeaw.ac.at/ita/news, 08.06.2026.
  • KI versus Wissensarbeit? Widersprüche, Herausforderungen und Konzepte zur Vermittlung von Critical AI Literacy. / Strauß, Stefan.
    In: SWS - Rundschau, Vol. 65, No. Heft 4, 02.2026, p. 391-409.
  • Teaching Units Module 1: Not everything is AI - what is AI and what is not? AI.D project deliverable Feb. 2026. / Strauß, Stefan.
    2026.
  • Künstliche Intelligenz - Zwischen Produktivitätsversprechen, Kompetenzwandel und gesellschaftlicher Verantwortung. / Strauß, Stefan.
    In: Politik unterrichten. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Vereinigung für politische Bildung e.V. Landesverband Niedersachsen, Vol. 41, No. 01/2026, 2026, p. 8-12.
  • Towards future-proof education policy & practice: recommendations of the AI.D project (Policy Paper). / Stefan Strauß, Lukas Fender, Konstantin Dittrich, Clemens Kerer, Richard Wurzer, Zoë Rübbert, Virgilio Vasconcelos.
    2026. 16 p.
  • AI.D Curriculum. / Lukas Fender, Konstantin Dittrich, Clemens Kerer, Zoë Rübbert, Stefan Strauß, Virgilio Vasconcelos, Richard Wurzer.
    2026. 38 p.
  • Auf Österreichs Initiative: EU bekennt sich zur Digitalen Souveränität. / Riedlinger, Denise.
    In: ITA-NewsFeed, No. www.oeaw.ac.at/ita/news, 20.11.2025.
  • Künstlich oder intelligent? Zentrale Herausforderungen konstruktiver KI-Nutzung zwischen (Deep) Automation Bias und Critical AI Literacy. Godec, S., Isep, C. (Hg.): Künstliche Intelligenz verantwortungsvoll gestalten: ethische Rahmenbedingungen und Chancengerechtigkeit in demokratischen Gesellschaften. / Strauß, Stefan.
    2 p. Wien: UNESCO. 2025. (Medien- und Informationskompetenz weiterdenken – Künstliche Intelligenz im Fokus).
  • Die Macht der Algorithmen: Im Gespräch mit ...Strauß, Stefan (Author). 2025.
  • KI nimmt Arbeit nicht ab, sondern gestaltet diese um.Strauß, Stefan (Author). 2025. AMS Österreich.
  • KI und Demokratie - Neue Bildungskonzepte für Schulen und Unis. / Riedlinger, Denise.
    In: ITA-NewsFeed, No. www.oeaw.ac.at/ita/news, 22.04.2024.
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Conference papers/lectures

  • Wien

    KI zwischen Hype und Realität: Warum kritische KI-Komptenz wesentlich ist. (Science Café Hauptbibliothek Wieden, Wien)

    Strauß, S. (Speaker)

    16 Jun 2026

  • Graz

    Synthetized reality? Exploring epistemic gaps between synthetic and authentic data (STS Graz Conference: Critical Issues in Science, Technology and Society Studies)

    Strauß, S. (Speaker)

    4 May 2026

  • Wien

    Weird AI, Errors and Critical AI Literacy

    Strauß, S. (Speaker)

    29 Apr 2026

  • Wien

    Basics and emergence of AI

    Strauß, S. (Speaker)

    28 Apr 2026

  • ÖAW

    Künstliche Intelligenz: Zentrale Herausforderungen für Arbeit und Gesellschaft

    Strauß, S. (Speaker)

    29 Jan 2026

  • Wien

    KI, Wissensarbeit und Ansätze einer Critical AI Literacy (Workshop)

    Strauß, S. (Speaker)

    18 Dec 2025

  • ÖAW

    Developing science-based policy recommendations

    Strauß, S. (Speaker)

    25 Nov 2025

  • ÖAW

    Concept of teaching module 1: Not everything is AI.

    Strauß, S. (Speaker)

    24 Nov 2025

  • Wien

    Imparting Critical AI literacy as core issue of knowledge work

    Strauß, S. (Speaker)

    23 Sep 2025

  • N/A

    Umgang mit KI als neue Herausforderung für die Wissensarbeit

    Strauß, S. (Speaker)

    29 Jul 2025

  • München

    Gesellschaftspolitische Folgen Künstlicher Intelligenz: Critical AI Literacy als neuer Baustein für mehr Medienkompetenz?

    Strauß, S. (Speaker)

    29 Nov 2024

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Artikel/Buchbeiträge

  • Teaching Units Module 1: Not everything is AI - what is AI and what is not? AI.D project deliverable Feb. 2026. / Strauß, Stefan.
    2026.
  • Künstliche Intelligenz - Zwischen Produktivitätsversprechen, Kompetenzwandel und gesellschaftlicher Verantwortung. / Strauß, Stefan.
    In: Politik unterrichten. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Vereinigung für politische Bildung e.V. Landesverband Niedersachsen, Vol. 41, No. 01/2026, 2026, p. 8-12.
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Duration

01/2024 – 06/2026

Project team

Funding