The project studies the Indo-European languages of the Tarim Basin, namely Tocharian (both A and B) and Iranian varieties (historical Khotanese and Tumshuquese, alongside the modern endangered language Wakhi) and their prehistory (including possible contacts with the Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex), in connection with biology and archaeology. The key objective is to understand the intricacies of human–animal coexistence and how it shaped the cultures of the Tarim Basin through the lens of preserved materials. The Digital Humanities component includes the creation of a web-based resource that visualises evidence for the presence of different animals in the Tarim Basin, based on triangulated sources.