With the establishment of empire at the beginning of the first millennium BCE a new form of political system was introduced in Western Eurasia that changed the course of history considerably. The effect of change became visible on many levels, political, ideological, and economical. It concerned worldview, as well as the perception of space and time. Completely new forms of exchange and entanglement emerged that have rightfully been labelled as "protoglobalization". These new developments affected the entire world between the western Mediterranean and China. The four conferences will deal with these changes on a long-term perspective. They will have a special focus on the Greek world and the west on the one hand, but will also deal with the phenomenon of entanglement from a larger perspective taking into account changes and developments all over Afro-Eurasia.
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