Joe Pawsey and the Founding of Australian Radio Astronomy : : Early Discoveries, from the Sun to the Cosmos.

• Superior document: Historical and Cultural Astronomy Series
• Author: Goss, W. M.
• TeilnehmendeR: Hooker, Claire.; Ekers, Ronald D.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2023.; ©2023.
• Year of Publication: 2023
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Historical and Cultural Astronomy Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (833 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- J.L. Pawsey and a New Understanding of Early Radio Astronomy -- Who Was J.L. Pawsey? -- Our Approach: Understanding Science Through History -- Different Perspectives on History -- Structure of This Book -- Pawsey in the History of Radio Astronomy -- Ideas in This Book -- Perspective and History -- Pawsey and the Philosophy and Sociology of Science -- J.L. Pawsey: A Quintessential Mertonian Scientist -- Meet the Authors -- W. M. Goss -- Ronald D. Ekers -- Claire Hooker -- Additional Texts and Sources -- Our Sources -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Part I: Childhood -- Chapter 1: An Inheritance of Intangibles, 1890s -- Chapter 2: Just a Boy from the Bush, 1908-1925 -- The YAL Tour of Europe December 1924 to July 1925 -- Chapter 3: Becoming a Physicist, 1926-1929 -- Part II: Becoming a Scientist -- Chapter 4: New Opportunities in Australian Science, 1929 -- The Developing Independence of Australian Science and the Formation of the CSIR -- Creation of the CSIR, Scene of Most of Pawseyś Career -- Radio: A Technology Transforming Australia -- The Creation of the Radio Research Board (CSIR): High Impact in Constrained Circumstances -- David F. Martyn, A.L. Green and G.H. Munro and L.H. Huxley Are Recruited to the Radio Research Board, 1929-1930 -- Chapter 5: Ionospheric Research, 1895-1935 -- The Beginnings of Radio -- 1902-1925: Surface Diffraction-A Productive Research Program Based on an Incorrect Premise -- 1910-1919: The Austin-Cohen Formula: Discarding Anomalous Data -- Hypothesising an ``Ionosphere ́́-- The Idea of Atmospheric Reflection, 1902 -- Direction-Finding Equipment and the Existence of the Ionosphere -- Thinking with Equipment: Adapting Direction-Finders to Investigate ``Sky Waves ́́-- Sir Edward Appleton, the Frequency-Change Method and the Magneto-Ionic Theory of the ``Ionosphere,́́ 1924.

Connections to Cambridge and London: How the Magneto-Ionic Paradigm Generated a Research Program in Australia, 1929-1939 -- An American Contribution: The ``Pulse-Echo ́́Method for Ionospheric ``Sounding,́́ 1925 -- Chapter 6: To the Cavendish Laboratory of the University of Cambridge, 1931 -- 1931: Award of an 1851 Exhibition Scholarship, Choice Between London and Cambridge -- Friends and Student Life: J. L. Pawsey and Frederick H. ``Ted ́́Nicoll from Canada, 1931-1933 -- Chapter 7: Research for PhD Thesis at Cambridge, 1931-1934 -- Stages 1 and 2: De-Correlated Echoes and Lateral Deviation of Downcoming ``Wireless ́́Waves -- Stage 3: Use of the Appleton Frequency-Change Method -- Stage 4: Tuve-Breit Pulse-Echo Method, Pawsey 1932-1934 -- Summary of 4 Stages of Research -- Conclusion of Pawseyś Thesis 1935 -- Ratcliffeś Evaluation of Pawseyś Research of 1931-1934, in 1974 -- Chapter 8: After the PhD: Electric and Musical Industries (EMI) and Marriage to Lenore Nicoll, 1934-1939 -- J.L. Pawsey: Courtship and Marriage -- Courtship (1933-1934) and Marriage (1935) to Lenore Nicoll -- Seeking Employment outside the UK -- Part III: WWII 1939-1945 -- Chapter 9: Pawseyś Role in Australian Radar Research in World War II, 1939-1945 -- Radar History: An Australian Perspective, 1930s -- Radar: British Secrecy and Australian Developments, 1930s -- Pawseyś Recruitment to RPL -- Radiophysics Laboratory, 1940-1941: Shore Defence, the T/R Switch and the Buggery Bar -- Australian Isolation: Other Developments in Radar -- Difficulties at Radiophysics, 1941 -- Scientific Liaison Overseas -- Air Warning, 1941-1942: Applied Science and Wartime Bureaucracy -- Light-Weight/Air Warning (LW/AW) Radar, 1942 -- Emerging Leadership and Microwave Radar in Australia -- 1943- a ``Golden Year ́́in Australian Radar: Changes in Outlook -- Radar and Victory in the Pacific, 1945.

Chapter 10: Transition to Peace, 1945-1946 -- Post-War Planning in 1943 -- Post-War Planning in 1944 -- Radiophysics and the Military Part Company -- From CSIR to CSIRO: Organisational Change -- Aversion to Secrecy at CSIR -- Towards the Sun -- Part IV: Hot Corona -- Chapter 11: Beginnings of Solar Radio Astronomy, 1944-1945 -- The Forerunners -- From Applied Science to a New Field -- Radio Astronomy in New Zealand and Australia -- Chapter 12: Serendipity: Sunspots at Collaroy, 1945-1946 -- Serendipity -- Action in Sydney at the End of WWII -- The Original Data from Collaroy: First Post-War Radio Astronomy Records -- Planning the Next Phase of Research, December 1945 -- Chapter 13: Sea-Cliff Interferometry: Dover Heights, 1946 -- Breakthroughs -- The First Fringes: Australia Day, 26 January 1946 -- The Giant Sunspot of Early February 1946 -- Principle of Aperture Synthesis -- Variations Are Intrinsic to the Sun, Typical Bursts Non-thermal -- Chapter 14: The Million Degree Solar Corona, 1945-1946 -- Introduction -- Understanding the Sun -- Preparation to Publish Radio Observation of the Hot Corona -- ANZAAS 1946 and URSI, Paris, 1946 -- ``Hot Corona ́́Published in Nature, 2 November 1946 -- Afterword: Pawsey and Yabsley Summary Publication on Radio Properties of the Quiet Sun, 1949 -- Priority Disputes and Scientific Discovery -- Part V: Connections -- Chapter 15: Horizons, 1944-1947 -- Introduction -- Before Solar Radio Astronomy at Collaroy -- Planning for Travel -- Family Life -- Towards Departure -- Chapter 16: A New Field of Science, Postwar -- Other Developments at RPL: Cloud Physics -- RPL Sydney: Pawsey Builds a ``Learning Organisation ́́for a New Field of Science -- The Sun and the Radio Stars -- Groups, Stations and Projects -- Managing an Emerging Learning Organisation -- Developments in the UK.

The Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge: Martin Ryleś Group -- At the University of Manchester: Bernard Lovellś Group -- Developments in the USA -- Developments in Canada -- National Research Council in Ottawa -- David Dunlop Observatory in Toronto -- The Netherlands: The Bridge Between Radio and Optical Observation -- Leading the World from ``Down Under?́́ -- Chapter 17: Pursuing ``Radio Astronomy:́́ Pawseyś Travels to North America, the UK and Europe, 1947-1948 -- Contacts with Australian Post-Graduate Students at Cambridge -- Presenting Australian Results -- Considering ``Radio Stars ́́-- Reporting Back -- Pawseyś Attempts to Recruit Theoretician Colleagues -- The Costs of Absence: Bowenś Review of the Laboratory, May 1948 -- RPL Awaits Pawseyś Return, 1948 -- Publications Concerns at RPL -- Homeward Bound -- Chapter 18: Scintillating Relationship with Cambridge, 1948-1951 -- Scintillation and Cygnus A 1946-1950 -- Bolton, Stanley and Slee in New Zealand -- Further Disadvantage -- The Cosmic Noise Expedition, New Zealand, and the Identification of Taurus A, Centaurus A and Virgo A -- The Positions of the Brightest Two Radio Sources, Graham Smith-1951: Cygnus A and Cassiopeia A -- Part VI: Quiet Leadership -- Chapter 19: Consolidation: Leadership at RPL, 1950-1951 -- Introduction -- To Europe -- A Textbook for Radio Astronomy -- URSI 1950, Zurich: 9 to 22 September -- The Textbook Is Contracted -- Resourcing Astronomy in Australia, 1951-1952 -- Addendum: Long Visions -- Chapter 20: Finite Resources: Pawsey and the HI-Line, 1948-1960 -- Introduction -- 1948 and Pawseyś First Realisation of the Importance of the HI Line -- Mills and HI Line in 1949 -- Paul Wild, Ruby Payne-Scott, John Bolton and the HI Line -- HI Line Detected and Confirmation in Sydney 6 July 1951 -- Chapter 21: No More Radio Stars! 1952.

The End of the ``Radio Star ́́Model: Measuring Radio Source Sizes -- URSI Comes to Sydney -- Excitement at URSI: The Angular Size of Sources -- Collaborations at and After URSI 1952 -- Chapter 22: ``Radio ́́is Part of Astronomy, 1947-1961 -- Introduction -- Radio Astronomy in 1953 -- B.Y. Mills -- Correspondence Between Mount Wilson/Palomar with RPL: 1953 -- The Mills Cross, March 1953 -- Millsś Visit to the US August 1953-February 1954 -- Chapter 23: The Galactic Centre, 1951-1954 -- Introduction -- The Piddington and Minnett (1951) Observations and Interpretation -- The New ``Hole-in-the-Ground ́́Telescope at Dover Heights -- Pawseyś Interest and Boltonś Departure, 1952-1953 -- Surveying the Sky -- Confidence and Caution: Publishing the Galactic Centre Discovery, 1954 -- Aftermath, 1955 -- The Big Picture -- The Nobel Prize -- Chapter 24: The Royal Society: Europe and North America, 1954 -- Election as Fellow of the Royal Society of London -- The Significance of Radio as a Field of Astronomy -- Pawseyś Overseas Trip July-October 1954 -- URSI General Assembly in the Hague from 23 August to 4 September 1954 -- Solar Work: Potts Hill -- Mills Cross: Fleurs -- HI in the Magellanic Clouds: Potts Hill -- Galactic HI: Potts Hill -- David Martyn: URSI 1954 -- London and Freiberg September 1954 -- New York, Visit to North American October 1954 -- Canada: October 1954 -- Completing the Textbook Radio Astronomy: Caltech and Berkeley, Mid October 1954 -- Back at CSIRO in Sydney: Late October 1954 -- Chapter 25: The Sun and the Ionosphere, 1946-1955 -- The Status of Ionospheric and Solar Physics in the World of Astronomy -- Solar Radio Astronomy in Australia (1947-1955) -- The First Radio Observations of the Sun -- Ionospheric Research 1947-1954 -- Thermal Radiation from the Ionosphere, 1947-1953 -- Study of the Ionospheric D Layer, 1951-1953.

Ionospheric Scintillation (1954).