Austria
Austria,Pronunciation: , ; , , Alemannic German: ''Öschtreich, Eschtrych''}} formally the Republic of Austria,
}} is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine federal states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous city and federal state. Austria is bordered by Germany to the northwest, the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia to the northeast, Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The country occupies an area of and has a population of around 9 million.
Austria, as a unified state, emerged from the remnants of the Eastern and Hungarian March at the end of the first millennium. Originally a margraviate of Bavaria, it developed into a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire in 1156 and was later made an archduchy in 1453. In the 16th century, Vienna began serving as the empire's administrative capital and Austria thus became the heartland of the Habsburg monarchy. Before the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire two years later, in 1804, Austria established its own empire, which became a great power and the dominant member of the German Confederation. The empire's defeat in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 led to the end of the Confederation and paved the way for the establishment of Austria-Hungary a year later. Austria was the common name for the non-Hungarian parts of the state, also known as ''Cisleithania''.
After the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914, Emperor Franz Joseph declared war on Serbia, which ultimately escalated into World War I. The empire's defeat and subsequent collapse led to the proclamation of the Republic of German-Austria in 1918 and the First Austrian Republic in 1919. During the interwar period, anti-parliamentarian sentiments culminated in the formation of an Austrofascist dictatorship under Engelbert Dollfuss in 1934. A year before the outbreak of World War II, Austria was annexed into Nazi Germany by Adolf Hitler, and it became a sub-national division. After its liberation in 1945 and a decade of Allied occupation, the country regained its sovereignty and declared its perpetual neutrality in 1955.
Austria is a semi-presidential representative democracy with a popularly elected president as head of state and a chancellor as head of government and chief executive. Major cities include Vienna, Graz, Linz, Salzburg, and Innsbruck. Austria has the 13th highest nominal GDP per capita with high standards of living; it was ranked 22th in the world for its Human Development Index in 2022.
Austria has been a member of the United Nations since 1955 and of the European Union since 1995. It hosts the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and is a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Interpol. It also signed the Schengen Agreement in 1995, and adopted the euro currency in 1999. Provided by Wikipedia
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Published: 1995-1998
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Published: 2017
Superior document: Protokolle des Ministerrates der Zweiten Republik Veröffentlichung des Österreichischen Staatsarchivs, der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Historische Quellenstudien und des Instituts für Neuzeit- und Zeitgeschichtsforschung der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Band 8
Links: Inhaltsverzeichnis
2063
“...Österreich Kaiser 1848-1916 : Franz Joseph I....”
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Published: 2001
Superior document: Protokolle des Ministerrates der Ersten Republik 1918 - 1938 Abt. 9, Kabinett Dr. Kurt Schuschnigg : 29. Juli 1934 bis 11. März 1938, Bd. 5
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Published: 2022
Superior document: Protokolle des Ministerrates der Zweiten Republik der Republik Österreich Veröffentlichung des Österreichischen Staatsarchivs, der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für historische Quellenstudien und des Instituts für die Erforschung der Habsburgermonarchie und des Balkanraumes Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Band 13
Links: Inhaltstext; Get full text; Inhaltsverzeichnis; Inhaltstext
2066
Published: [1849]
Links: Get full text; Volltext
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Published: [1849]
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Published: [1849]
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Published: [1849]
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Published: 1995
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Published: April, 2010
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Published: [2021]
Superior document: Jahrbuch Migrationsforschung 5
Links: Inhaltsverzeichnis; Inhaltsverzeichnis; Inhaltstext
2073
Published: 2000-2006
2074
Published: 2006
Superior document: Berichte des Institutes für Erdwissenschaften der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz 12
Links: Volltext; Inhaltsverzeichnis
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Published: 1988
Superior document: Protokolle des Ministerrates der Ersten Republik 1918 - 1938 Abt. 9, Kabinett Dr. Kurt Schuschnigg : 29. Juli 1934 bis 11. März 1938, Bd. 1
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Published: 1988
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Published: 2019
Superior document: Schriften zur deutschen Sprache in Oesterreich
2079
Published: 1848
Links: Digitales Objekt#Flugblatt (Sig: F 016156-E); Volltext
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Published: 1848
Links: Digitales Objekt#Flugblatt (Sig: F 017858-C); Volltext