The present report provides an overview of the current policy context, recent developments and debates regardingrisk governance and regulations of nanotechnologies in Europe as well as the main research and innovationpriorities by European policies(H2020)and industries(European Technology Platforms). Thereport is Deliverable 1 of Work Package 5 “Governance andPolicy Outreach and Alignment” (Task 5.1 “Policy Monitoring and Alignment”)of the project GoNano and serves to ensure a strong degree of policy alignment of the project, specifically between the design of the pilot studies and relevant policy initiativesand debates.
The screening of R&D policiesand industry priorities shows that nanotechnologies are supported to improve industrial competitivenessandto tackle several societalchallenges. Two of the areas covered by GoNano, i.e. health and energy, play an important role in the H2020’ssupport for nanotechnologies.Research and innovation of nanotechnologies havealsoentailed a range of new debates and institutions to deal with the uncertainties and potential side-effects of this technology. The screeningof EU risk governancereveals that many risk and regulatory issues are still unresolvedand will likely continue to exist.Therefore, it is a key task of the pilots to avoid a technology-fix position, in which nanotechnologies are framed as the (only)solution to a range of problem and risk and regulatory issues are understood as easily manageable.Rather than presuming that complete knowledge on the impacts of nanotechnologiescan be acquired and regulatedaccordingly, the pilots should raise questions along the line of “which uncertainties and risks are we willing to take in exchange of the benefits of nanotechnologies for food, health and energy?”
In respect to the three pilot sectors, food, health and energy, the report provides the following conclusions: The envisioned applications of nanotechnology in the food industry appear rather limitedand in the short-term are related to food safety and security and food packaging. In the longer-term, nanotechnologies are expected to be used to realize functional foods. Debates on EHS issues and regulations, however,are particularly pronounced in the food sector with a range of sectoral regulations explicitly addressing nanotechnologies.
The health sector is expected to experience major advancements thanks to nanotechnology. In therapeutics nanotechnologies offer the possibility for aprecise control on the release of drugs, reduce the side effects of therapies and to maximise the personalization and efficacy of therapies. Nano-electronics are expected to contribute tomore efficient, fast and site-specific, minimally invasive diagnostic and monitoring systems. Nano-assisted regenerative medicine is targete atimprovingtissue regeneration, develop cell-based therapies and new intelligent biomaterials. Also in the health sector, a range of EHS, unresolved uncertainties and risks to human healthare debated and included in existing and new regulations.
The energy sector is expected tobenefit from nanotechnology mainly in terms of new structural and functional materials and devices, in particular for energy production (e.g. advanced photovoltaics), energy storage (batteries), and various applications for energy saving. Alarge group of applications in different sectors can be found that will allow to enhance energy efficiency, reduce energy in industrial processes, improve power distribution and miniaturize energy supply systems. So far, no specific regulations concerning nanotechnologies exist forthe energy sector.
